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Battle of Badajoz (1936)
The Battle of Badajoz was one of the first major Nationalist victories in the Spanish Civil War. A series of costly assaults won the Nationalists the fortified border city of Badajoz on August 14, 1936, cutting off the Spanish Republic from neighbouring Portugal and linking the northern and southern zones of Nationalist control (although actual contact with General Emilio Mola's northern troops was not established until September 8).
==Strategic situation==
In the summer of 1936, German and Italian airlifts, and later the Nationalist fleet, transported almost 10,000 regular troops of the Spanish Army of Africa to southern Spain across the Straits of Gibraltar.〔Jackson, Gabriel. ''La república española y la guerra civil.'' 2005. RBA. Barcelona. Pag. 227〕 The Nationalists, led by Francisco Franco, assembled at Seville and on August 1, General Franco ordered a sweep north to link up with General Mola's distant forces.
Led in the field by Colonel Carlos Asensio and Major Antonio Castejón, the Nationalist Army dashed north in motorized detachments, pausing to bombard and capture walled frontier towns. By August 10, when Lieutenant Colonel Juan Yagüe arrived to take command near Mérida, the Nationalists had secured 300 km of the Portuguese frontier. Mérida fell after a stiff fight on the banks of the Guadiana River, leaving the neighbouring city of Badajoz, now the last remaining Republican outpost on the Portuguese border, isolated from the Republic. Franco personally supervised the operation against Mérida and on the evening of August 10, received Yagüe in his headquarters to discuss the capture of Badajoz and the next objectives. He wanted to knock out the city to unify the two sections of the rebel zone and leave the left flank of the advancing columns covered by the Portuguese border. It was a strategic error, contributing to the delay which allowed the government to organize its defenses.〔Preston (2012). p. 314.〕
Yagüe marched against Badajoz with 2,250 soldiers of the Spanish Foreign Legion, 750 Moroccan ''regulares'', and five field batteries, leaving Major Heli Tella behind to hold Mérida. Inside the ancient fortress-city, large sections of whose walls had been demolished some years before the war,〔ESPINOSA, Francisco. ''La columna de la muerte. El avance del ejército franquista de Sevilla a Badajoz. 2003.'' Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. p. 63〕 Colonel Ildefonso Puigdendolas commanded about 6,000 Republican militia (other sources claim between 2,000 - 4,000 men). On August 6, when the Nationalist army approached, a body of ''Guardia Civil'' attempted to defect to the rebels.〔Espinosa, Francisco. ''La justicia de Queipo.'' Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. 2006. p. 134〕 Puigdendolas crushed the revolt, but it sapped his forces of men and morale.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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